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Comparative Analysis of ChatGPT Models: GPT-3.5, GPT-4, and GPT-4o

GOOVER DAILY REPORT June 24, 2024
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TABLE OF CONTENTS

  1. Summary
  2. Introduction to GPT Models
  3. Core Differences Between Models
  4. Multimodal Capabilities
  5. Application Use-Cases
  6. Practical Implementations
  7. Role of GPT-4o in AI Development
  8. Conclusion

1. Summary

  • This report examines the key differences and performance aspects of OpenAI's language models, specifically GPT-3.5, GPT-4, and GPT-4o. By analyzing various documents and conversational data, it highlights advancements in language processing, multimodal capabilities, response times, and application use-cases. GPT-3.5, introduced in March 2022, improved natural language understanding and generation compared to its predecessor. GPT-4, launched in March 2023, marked a significant leap forward by processing both text and images and offering better context understanding and complex reasoning. GPT-4o, the latest release from May 2024, extends functionality to text, audio, image, and video inputs, providing a nearly human-like experience during conversations. The report discusses how each model evolved in terms of technical features, practical applications, and user experiences, emphasizing the overall enhancement in AI capabilities.

2. Introduction to GPT Models

  • 2-1. Overview of GPT-3.5

  • GPT-3.5 became available in March 2022 and is built on the GPT-3 architecture with enhancements in scale and training data. This version includes improvements in natural language understanding and generation compared to GPT-3, providing better coherence, relevance, and contextual understanding. It can handle more complex instructions more accurately than its predecessor. Additionally, GPT-3.5 was part of the free offering through OpenAI's ChatGPT service, excluding internet search capabilities. This version also has a variant called GPT-3.5 Turbo, introduced with various improvements over the original release aimed at preparing for the GPT-4 launch.

  • 2-2. Introduction to GPT-4

  • GPT-4 was launched in March 2023 and marked a significant leap forward, capable of processing both text and images. Compared to GPT-3.5, GPT-4 can better understand context, perform complex reasoning tasks, provide more accurate responses, generate more human-like text, and offers more options for fine-tuning and customization for specific use cases. However, it requires more computing resources, leading to higher operational costs. GPT-4 integrates with models like DALL-E to create AI-generated images from text prompts.

  • 2-3. Advancements in GPT-4o

  • GPT-4o, the latest version from OpenAI, was made available in May 2024. It is based on the GPT-4 architecture but extends its capabilities to processing text, audio, image, and video inputs. OpenAI describes GPT-4o as providing the most human-like experience, with nearly human response times during conversations. It excels in understanding and processing video and audio, making it the default model for ChatGPT. Despite its advanced capabilities, there are limitations on the number of prompts per day, after which ChatGPT defaults to GPT-3.5. Additionally, GPT-4o can perform online searches using Bing, a feature previously available only with a paid subscription for GPT-4.

3. Core Differences Between Models

  • 3-1. Key Feature Comparison

  • OpenAI offers four GPT versions: GPT-3.5, GPT-4, GPT-4 Turbo, and GPT-4o. Each model has distinct features that enhance different aspects of natural language processing. GPT-3.5, introduced in March 2022, is an improvement over GPT-3, with better natural language understanding and generation capabilities. GPT-4, launched in March 2023, extends functionality to include text and image processing and exhibits superior context understanding and reasoning. The revised GPT-4 Turbo, available since November 2023, maintains similar performance to GPT-4 but is optimized for faster response times and lower operational costs. GPT-4o, the latest release as of May 2024, further extends capabilities to process text, audio, images, and video, thus providing a more human-like experience. It is also notable for its ability to conduct online searches using Bing, which is available in the free tier, albeit with daily input limits.

  • 3-2. Performance Metrics

  • In performance comparisons, GPT-4o excels with its ability to handle multiple input types, including text, audio, images, and video, offering a comprehensive AI model. GPT-4 and GPT-4 Turbo provide robust text and image processing, with GPT-4 Turbo being optimized for quicker interactions and efficient resource use. Although GPT-4o's performance is on par with GPT-4 Turbo for text and code reasoning, it surpasses other models in processing speed and output quality across diverse inputs. Additionally, GPT-4 Turbo reduces operational costs compared to the original GPT-4. Despite these advancements, GPT-3.5 remains a reliable model for basic natural language tasks, especially where resource constraints are critical.

  • 3-3. Accuracy and Response Time

  • Accuracy and response times have seen considerable improvements with each successive model. GPT-4 demonstrates enhanced contextual understanding and ability to perform complex reasoning tasks more accurately than GPT-3.5. GPT-4 Turbo, while providing similar accuracy to GPT-4, offers faster response times, making it suitable for applications requiring rapid interactions. GPT-4o further improves response speed, especially in processing audio and video inputs, nearly matching human response time in conversations. Among the models discussed, GPT-4o shows the highest accuracy and fastest response time, albeit with limitations on the number of daily prompts for the free tier. The MoA (Mixture of Agents) approach, which integrates multiple open-source LLMs and achieves a higher score on AlpacaEval 2.0 compared to GPT-4o, demonstrates even greater accuracy but requires optimization to reduce response latency.

4. Multimodal Capabilities

  • 4-1. Text Processing

  • The advent of ChatGPT-4.0 represents a substantial leap forward in natural language processing (NLP) and text processing capabilities. GPT-4.0 has been trained on a vastly expanded dataset compared to its predecessors, enabling it to generate human-like text and sustain contextual information over extended conversations. Key features include customizable tone and style, enhanced productivity and speed, and improved error handling. These advancements mean that GPT-4.0 can produce more contextually appropriate, safer, and less offensive responses. This model's high reasoning skills and advanced instruction-following capabilities contribute significantly to AI research, improving the development process, classification algorithms, and factual accuracy.

  • 4-2. Audio and Speech Recognition

  • GPT-4.0 introduces significant advancements in audio and speech recognition. Notably, GPT-4o Voice has been designed for direct speech-to-speech interaction, enhancing the naturalness and fluidity of conversations. This feature allows users to continue talking to the AI even while using other apps, marking a step forward in multitasking capabilities on mobile platforms. For example, users can ask questions, obtain word suggestions for crosswords, or even receive real-time assistance with translations and other tasks. While the system occasionally experiences load issues, the overall experience is highly impressive, simulating a natural conversation with a formal human interlocutor.

  • 4-3. Image and Video Analysis

  • GPT-4.0 has enhanced its capabilities to recognize and process images, extending the usability of the model across various fields. This multimodal functionality allows users to, for example, request related words to explain an image, obtain subtitles from a video, or draw text representations of digital content. This improvement supports applications in diverse fields such as medical research, where the AI can aid in data analysis, literature search, and clinical decision-making by recognizing patterns in visual data. These features make GPT-4.0 particularly useful for summarizing research reports and generating detailed competitive analysis.

5. Application Use-Cases

  • 5-1. Text Generation and Analysis

  • GPT-3.5, GPT-4, and GPT-4o exhibit remarkable proficiency in text generation and analysis. GPT-3.5, introduced in March 2022, improved upon its predecessor with better coherence, relevance, and contextual understanding. GPT-4, released in March 2023, further enhanced text generation by providing more accurate responses and more human-like text generation capabilities. GPT-4o, the latest version launched in May 2024, excels in accurately converting and analyzing textual data, extending its capabilities to even handle video inputs effectively and in real-time.

  • 5-2. Real-Time Interactions

  • Real-time interactions have seen significant enhancements across GPT models. GPT-4 expanded the capabilities of GPT-3.5 by processing both text and images, thus aiding complex reasoning tasks and providing more accurate responses. GPT-4 Turbo, introduced in November 2023, optimized these capabilities with faster response times suitable for quick, real-time interactions while being less resource-intensive. GPT-4o elevated real-time interactions further, processing text, audio, image, and video inputs with near-human response times, enhancing the overall real-time user experience.

  • 5-3. Multilingual Support

  • Multilingual support is a key feature across the GPT model spectrum. All GPT models, including GPT-3.5, GPT-4, and GPT-4o, support multiple languages, enabling users to communicate effectively in various languages. The advanced GPT-4o model, in particular, enhances this multilingual capability with its ability to process multimodal inputs, including text, audio, image, and video, thus broadening the scope of language and cultural contexts it can comprehend and generate.

6. Practical Implementations

  • 6-1. Cost Efficiency

  • In the domain of AI implementations, cost efficiency has emerged as a crucial differentiator among various models and platforms. The cost-related aspects of the discussed OpenAI models are highlighted by contrasting the free and paid versions of Microsoft Copilot, featuring their access to GPT-4 Turbo and GPT-4o. The paid version, Copilot Pro, which costs $20 per month, provides several advantages over the free version. These include uninterrupted access to GPT-4 Turbo during peak usage times and increased credits for AI art generation - from 15 per day for free users to 100 per day for Pro users. Additionally, Microsoft introduced Phi-3 models aimed at building cost-efficient AI applications. These models, such as Phi-3-mini and Phi-3-small, provide scalable solutions while ensuring responsible AI usage. The emphasis on cost-efficiency is exemplified by Microsoft’s strategic extensions and integrations, designed to minimize resource utilization while maximizing performance and operational savings.

  • 6-2. Integration in Various Platforms

  • OpenAI models, particularly GPT-3.5, GPT-4, and GPT-4o, have been integrated across various platforms to enhance their usability and application reach. Copilot and Copilot Pro can be accessed via web apps, mobile apps, and within Windows and Microsoft Edge, showing seamless integration in widely-used platforms. Furthermore, Microsoft’s announcements at MSBuild 2024 highlighted new features that enhance productivity and collaboration in organizational contexts. The introduction of Team Copilot aims to expand Copilot's role to teamwork facilitation, managing tasks, and improving communication in tools like Microsoft Teams and Microsoft Planner. Moreover, custom agents built in Copilot Studio can automate business processes and integrate with specific business systems via Copilot Studio or Teams Toolkit for Visual Studio. Azure AI's integration of GPT-4o further illustrates advanced capabilities across text, image, and multimodal inputs, broadening its application spectrum.

  • 6-3. Enhanced User Experience

  • User experience enhancements are a priority in the evolving landscape of AI. The differentiation between Copilot and Copilot Pro user experiences centers on access to advanced features and performance consistency. Copilot Pro users enjoy uninterrupted access to GPT-4 Turbo and significantly higher allowances for AI art generation. At the Microsoft MSBuild 2024 conference, advancements aimed at improving user interactions were showcased, including the integration of Team Copilot for collaborative environments and the deployment of custom agents to automate repetitive tasks. Enhancements delivered by GPT-4o on Azure AI Studio include optimized speed and performance, capable of complex query handling with minimal resources. These user-focused improvements underscore a commitment to delivering efficient, reliable, and rich interactions across different platforms and applications, ultimately contributing to enhanced user satisfaction and engagement.

7. Role of GPT-4o in AI Development

  • 7-1. Research Advancements

  • The advent of GPT-4o has ushered in a new era in artificial intelligence (AI) research, signifying a substantial leap in the generation and comprehension of human languages. GPT-4o has been instrumental in improving research study processes by leveraging high reasoning skills, enhancing the development of training datasets, and refining classification algorithms through iterational feedback loops. Researchers have thus achieved better factual accuracy and improved safety measures across various fields. Medical research has particularly benefited from GPT-4o, enabling efficient data analysis, literature searches, and evidence-based practice. Furthermore, data science workflows have been bolstered by GPT-4o automating tasks such as data cleansing, preparation, model development, and result explanation, thereby enhancing functionality and credibility for data scientists.

  • 7-2. AI Model Improvements

  • GPT-4o represents a significant upgrade over preceding GPT models, thanks to an expanded dataset and refined feedback loops that include human activity. Key features of GPT-4o include richer language interpretation, better media support, customizable tone and style, enhanced productivity, and improved error handling. These advancements have resulted in responses that are more contextually appropriate, safer, and less likely to offend. Additionally, GPT-4o offers multimodal capabilities, such as processing and recognizing images, which extend its usability across various applications. The model's optimized algorithms and top-range hardware implementation have improved response times, aiding users in completing tasks more efficiently.

8. Conclusion

  • Through this comparative analysis, we highlight significant advancements from GPT-3.5 to GPT-4o in terms of multimodal capabilities, performance, and practical applications. GPT-4o excels with the ability to handle multiple input types with high accuracy and response speed, enhancing overall user experience and offering economically viable options for various needs. While GPT-4 provides robust text and image processing with enhanced context understanding, GPT-4o advances further by integrating real-time interactions with text, audio, image, and video inputs. This progression accelerates AI research and development, particularly in applications requiring comprehensive data analysis and real-time assistance. Despite the limitations on the number of daily prompts in the free tier, the continually improving models suggest promising future developments. Future research will likely focus on refining these models for broader applications and efficiency, making AI even more integral across diverse domains including medical research, multilingual support, and practical business implementations.

9. Glossary

  • 9-1. GPT-3.5 [Technology]

  • A previous version of OpenAI's language model, primarily focused on text generation with limited language support and no multimodal capabilities. Suitable for basic text-based applications.

  • 9-2. GPT-4 [Technology]

  • An advanced iteration of OpenAI's language model featuring significant improvements in text generation, understanding, and context retention. Supports multiple languages and offers high accuracy in text processing.

  • 9-3. GPT-4o [Technology]

  • The latest and most advanced version of OpenAI's language model, equipped with multimodal processing capabilities, real-time interaction, and extensive language support. Enhances user experience with faster response times and higher accuracy.

  • 9-4. OpenAI [Company]

  • An AI research and deployment company responsible for creating the GPT series of language models, aiming to develop safe and beneficial AI systems.

  • 9-5. Multimodal Functionality [Technical Term]

  • The capability of processing and generating outputs from multiple types of data inputs—text, audio, image, and video—allowing for more interactive and diverse applications.

10. Source Documents